Der, die or das? What the endings tell you
German nouns are masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das), and the article has to be learned with the word. But it is far from random: for many nouns the ending gives the gender away. The figures below are counted from the 1,520 nouns among the 5,000 most common German words.
Endings that predict the gender
Each row counts the nouns in the list with that ending and how many follow the pattern. The exceptions are listed in full, so you know exactly which ones to learn separately. A longer ending wins over a shorter one: Zeitung counts as an -ung noun, not an -e noun.
Endings are only shown when at least five nouns in the list have them. -chen and -lein (diminutives, always das: das Mädchen, das Brötchen) are too rare among the 5,000 most common words to count here, but the rule has no exceptions.
Compound nouns take the gender of their last part
German builds new nouns by joining old ones, and the last part decides the gender: die Arbeit + die Zeit → die Arbeitszeit, die Woche + das Ende → das Wochenende. Of the 192 compound nouns in the list whose last part is also in it, 190 follow this rule — the exceptions are der Aufwand (from die Wand) and das Gegenteil (from der Teil).
- die Grundlagefrom die Lage
- das Wochenendefrom das Ende
- der Landkreisfrom der Kreis
- der Zeitpunktfrom der Punkt
- die Bundesregierungfrom die Regierung
- der Bürgermeisterfrom der Meister
- der Zeitraumfrom der Raum
- das Netzwerkfrom das Werk
- der Klimaschutzfrom der Schutz
- der Mittelpunktfrom der Punkt
- die Landesregierungfrom die Regierung
- die Landwirtschaftfrom die Wirtschaft
Three more patterns worth knowing
- Male people and animals are usually der, female ones die: der Mann, die Frau, der Vater, die Mutter. The exception every learner meets early is das Mädchen — it ends in -chen, and the ending wins.
- Days, months and seasons are der: der Montag, der Januar, der Sommer.
- Verbs used as nouns are das: das Essen, das Leben, das Treffen.
- The plural is always die, whatever the singular: der Tag → die Tage, das Kind → die Kinder.
The most common nouns of each gender
- Euroeuro
- Teilpart, piece
- Rahmenframe; framework, scope
- Schülerpupil, schoolboy; pupils
- Tagday
- Wegway, path, route
- Bereicharea, field, sector
- Fallcase; fall
- Zeittime
- Uhrclock, watch; o'clock
- Stadttown, city
- Polizeipolice
- Arbeitwork, job
- Schuleschool
- Weltworld
- Verfügungdisposal (zur Verfügung)
- Jahryear
- Prozentpercent
- Unternehmencompany, business; undertaking
- Endeend
- Thematopic, subject
- Beispielexample
- Zielgoal, aim; destination
- Landcountry; land; countryside
Questions
Which is the most common gender in German?
Feminine. Of the 1,520 nouns in the 5,000 most common German words, 707 (47%) are die, 543 (36%) are der and 270 (18%) are das.
Is there a rule for der, die and das?
Not one rule, but the ending of a noun is a strong clue. Nouns ending in -ung are die in 224 of 226 cases in our list, and -schaft, -keit, -tät, -heit, -enz, -anz, -ei, -ung, -ion, -ie are die, der or das almost without exception. Compound nouns take the gender of their last part.
What gender are compound nouns?
The gender of the last part: die Arbeit + die Zeit gives die Arbeitszeit. In our list 190 of 192 compound nouns follow this rule.
What gender is the plural in German?
Every plural takes die, whatever the gender of the singular: der Tag, die Tage; das Kind, die Kinder.